Definition and classification of loaders
Definition
Loader is a kind of earth-rock construction machinery widely used in highway, railway, construction, hydropower, port, mine and other construction projects. It is mainly used for shoveling and loading bulk materials such as soil, sand, lime, coal, etc. It can also be used for light shoveling operations on ores and hard soil. Different auxiliary working devices can also be used for bulldozers, lifting, loading and unloading wood and other materials.
In road construction, especially in high-grade highway construction, loader is used for filling and excavation of subgrade works, aggregate and loading of asphalt mixture and cement concrete stockyard. In addition, it can also carry out operations such as pushing earth, scraping the ground and pulling other machinery. Because of the advantages of fast operation, high efficiency, good mobility and convenient operation, loader has become one of the main types of machinery for earthwork construction in engineering construction.
Classification
Common single-bucket loaders are classified according to engine power, transmission type, walking system structure and loading mode.
1.Engine power:
① small loader with power less than 74kw.
② Medium loader with power of 74~147kw
③ Large loader with power of 147~515kw
④ Extra large loader with power of more than 515kw
2.Transmission form:
① hydraulic mechanical transmission, small impact and vibration, long service life of transmission parts, convenient operation, automatic adjustment between vehicle speed and external load, generally used for medium and large loaders;
② Hydraulic transmission: stepless speed regulation, easy operation, but poor starting performance, generally only used on small loaders;
③ Electric drive: stepless speed regulation, reliable operation, simple maintenance, high cost, generally used on large loaders.
3.Traveling structure:
① tire type: light weight, fast speed, flexible mobility, high efficiency, not easy to damage the road surface, high ground pressure, poor trafficability, but widely used;
② Crawler type: low ground specific pressure, good trafficability, low center of gravity, good stability, strong adhesion, large traction, large specific cutting force, low speed, relatively poor flexibility, high cost, easy to damage the road surface when walking.
4.Loading and unloading mode:
① front unloading type: simple structure, reliable operation, good vision, suitable for various operation sites, widely used;
② Rotary type: the working device is installed on a 360 ° turntable. The side unloading does not need to turn around, and the operation efficiency is high, but the structure is complex, the quality is large, the cost is high, and the side stability is poor. It is suitable for smaller sites. ③ Rear unloading type: front loading, rear unloading, high operation efficiency, poor operation safety.
